Tree and shrub species information

Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current
scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

UNITED DER.R'EIEHT OF ..GRICULT

SOIL CON0ERV..TIOI? 3Er:VICE
REG lOIi 8

RECEIVED

AUG 1 1 1939 1^

S. Departnjeot of Agriculture

/abu(fra*(plfOT^i^eTr-H«xioo ,
February 4, 1939.

IiEI^IOR.JTDUl' FOR ADimJISTR^.TIVS HE."J)S OF FIELD UIJITS
i.ttcntion: Forostors and Biolorists,

Fro:_.: T, G. To.ylor and A. E. Boroll

ouljoct: Troe and Shrub o;;eciGS Infon.iation

There is a rocor-nizod lack of infomation concornin;; soil and
r.ioisturo roquirGronts, relative erosion-control and secondary values of
various indi^^cnious cjid exotic sv-ecios being planted in this rer^ion. Sur-
vival and ovaluatioM studies on SC3 plantin;^s arc expected to f^radually
furnish infon.iation rerarding species adaptation to different soils and
plantini_^ sites as vroll as soil preparation and care necessary for satis-
factcjr/ rrorth. Further studv of the r/ildlifo value of the various plants
is also essential to selection cf species for planting: purposes.

To this end vio are transnitting to you what data we have been able
to gather v/ith the assistance of the Nursery and Soils Sections, regardinf;
spocios of trees and shrubs v/hich have been coinraonly planted in Rer;ion 8,
Other species nay be added as thoir use ivithin the rer^ion increases, liie
are cxpoctin,;; th;\t you -Till review frequently the iiaterial presented and
iiakc sU;-::-ostions for chanr.es and additions for v/hich ycu have supporting
data, so that Vvc vrill fint-.l]^ have o,n authentic statenont for field use.

T. *G. T/ylor, ^"S. Horell,

'f<oodland Section. \/ildlife Section.

UNITED STATES DEPi"iP.TLS.NT OF AGRICULTURE
SOIL COMSERVi.TION SERVICE
REGION EIGHT
ALBUQUERCiUS, IMi ilEXICO

HUGH G. Ci.LKINS
REGIONAL CONSERVATOR

TREE AND SHRUB SPECIES INPOmiATION
Prepare d by
JOSEPH HOVffiLL, JR.

Regional Bulletin No.
Yfoodland Series No. 7
February 4, 1939.

TliE FOLLOWING LI5TBJG OF SFLCISS
WITH SILVICAL DESCRIPTIONS IS
SUBJECT TO REVISION iU^ID COIU.^_SC-
TION. KINDLY TEiiNSMIT TO TriE
REGION..L OFFICE ..NY CORFvECTIONS,
..DDITIONS OR REVISIONS YOU FIND
^JECESS..RY ON REVEGET/.TION FORIvI
NO. 1

II

^iccr not^undo

iiilanthus glanduloso.

Caragana arboro scons

Catalpa spcciosa

Chilopsis linearis

Cornus stcloiiifora

Crataegus rivularis

Elaoagnus angustifolia

Fallugia paradoxa

Forosticra noo-moxicana

Fraxinus ponnsylvanica lanccolata

Gloditsia triacanthos

Juglans major

Juglans nigra

Juniporus monosporma

Madura pomifora

Ilorus alba

iuorus inicrophylla

parryolla filifolia

Parthonocissus quinquofolia

Pi CO a cngolraanii

Picoa pungcns

Pinus odulis

Populus alba

Populus angustifolia

Populus sargcntii

Prunus CsiTioricana

Punica granj.tum

Purshia tridontata

Rhus miorophylla

Rhus trilobata

Robinia noo-moxicana

Robinia psoudoacacia

Rosa fondlori

Salix rjiiygdaloidos wrightii

Salix cxigua

SOwlix gooddingii

Salix nigra

Sarribucus cocrulca

Syniphori carpus orbiculatus

Ulnus anioricana

Ulmus parvifolia

Ulmus piimil a

Vitis labrusca

PIuVNT SPECIES IlIFORl'.u.TIOW FOmi lYOODL^.ND NO. 1

1 • NaniG

Scientific
Coinnon

2» Native country or locality txnd distribution

3. Habitat end associates

4, Size and form

5« Growth habit of roots - rosistanco to wind-throw
6» Growth roquiromonts

a. Moisture

b. Soil

c» Alkali (rosistanco)

d. Elevation (limits)

o, Tempcraturo oxtrones

f. Tolerance (shade)

7, Resistance to insects and disease

8. Seed production, collection, and propagation
9» Suggested erosion-control uses

10. a. Value of v/ood products
b* Be script ion of Y/ood

11. Value for wildlife

12, Planting inf on-.iation

Kind and age of plcjiting material
Time

Special requirements and handling (transplanting)

(use of vTildings)

13, Miscollanoous

a, Palatability

,1

Acor nogundo L. - Boxcldor

Canada and United States. IfVostern Vermont, v/estern Massachusetts and
Connecticut, central New York, southwestern Ontario, and southward to
west-central Florida, west^-zard to 1-linnosota, Iowa, I'Jebraska, Missouri,
eastern Kansas, Arkansas, eastern Oklahoma, western Louisiana and
eastern and southern Texas. Var« interior 3L.rg, southern llanitoba,
Saskatchewan and Alberta to IrVyoning and through mountain regions of
Colorado and Utah to Now Mexico cjid Arizona; var. arizonicum Scrg.
mountain canyons, central and southern i^rizona up to 8000 dogroos al-
titude, and in Socorro County, New Mexico Ir"*^

Stream bariks, moist lowlands, mountain canyons. Associated v;ith oln,
hackberry, maple, walnut, green ash, und others.

A tree, 50 to 70 feet high, vdth a large round head.

Roots penetrate to a depth of 5 to 10 feet, moderately vd.ndfim.

a. Prefers moist sites but is moderately drought-re si stcjit.

b. On a' variety of soils; calcareous soils, sandy loai.is, sands, cuid
rich, deep humus soils.

c. Moderately resistant to alkali. On culcarccus and circumneutral
soils .

d. From sea level to 7500 feet above sea level.

e» Temperature range from -30 degrees to 115 degrees F.
f. Tolerant.

Not resistant to disease or insects. Short lived.

Seed matures in October, /imount and fertility dependent upon season.
Cutting tests must always be made of this seed before collection, jit
best fertility is not high. Germination is poor, slov; and very ir-
regular. Seed should be planted in fall or v;inter.

In moist places as a soil binder and desilting agent,

a. V^ood of low value for fuel, pulp, lumber.

b. Light, soft, close-grained, not strong, crenmy whito.

i'ledium value for midlife.

1-0 rooted stock suitable for field planting. Easily hojidlod,

A trashy tree. Numerous varieties. Suckers freely.

a, Palatability: cattle, low; sheep, low; rabbits, occasionally.

References - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 13, 16, 18, 22, 33, 40.

t

t

1. i.ilanthus gliindul 0 s a Do s f , Tree -of -Hoc. ven
"(Tlilcnthus cJtissimc. (Millor) Swing lo)

2. China. Naturalized in the United States.
3« China.

4. A nodiun sized tree, 30-60 feet tall, with a vridc flat-topped crovm.

5» Deep and vddely spread roots. Windfim,

6. a. Resists drought to an oxtrcne.

b. Indifferent to soil choice.

c. Moderate resistance to alkali pH 6.0 to 8,0,

d. Fron sea level to 6000 feet,

c. Temperature ranges fror.! 0 degrees to 125 degrees F» Does not stand

extreme cold,
f. Tolerant.

7, Resistant to disease and insects,

8. Seed matures in September, abundojit, fertility good. Collection easy.
Germination prompt and plants easily handled in the nursery. Suckers
readily,

9, A soil binder in dry sites as t/c11 as moist sites.

10, a, \'vood of lo'vv value,

b. Soft, weak, coarse-grained, pale yellow, satiny.

11, No information; probably of little value except cover.

12, 1-0 rooted stock for field planting in spring. Spreads by suckers as
well as seed. Rooted cuttings from female plants.

13, a. Palatability : sheep, IotiT.

References - 1, 2, 9, 11, 16, 40.

\

1. Caragana. arboroscens Lar.:« - Siborian Pea-Troc

2. Siboria and Manchuria. Introduced in 1752. Naturalized,
3» ixsia. Naturalized.

4. A shrub or snail tree to 20 foot^ upright habit.

5» Windfirn. Roots penetrate to a depth of 5 to 10 feet.

6. a. Drought-resistant.

b. Sandy loar.i and clay loan soils, vroll-drainod.

c. Moderately alkali-resistant.

d. Fron sea level to 7000 feet above sea level.

e. Tenpcraturo range fron -30 degrees to 120 degrees F.

f. Intolerant ?

7. Resistant to disease a.nd insects.

8. Fruit natures in July, noderate crops, fairly easily collected, fertility
high. Seed geminates evenly tvro to three -vveeks .;.fter planting, irlants
easily handled in nursery. Propagated by seeds, root cuttings or lay-
ers.

9. Valuable as a soil binder and in v'indbrocJrs.

10. No value as v/ood.

11. No infomationj probably good cover.

12. 1-0 rooted stock suitable for spring planting, easily handled.

13. a. Palatability ; cattle, nediirij sheep, nediun; rabbits, nediu:-a.

References - 1, 2, 5, 6, 19, 20,

Catalpa spociosa Engeln» - "l/^cstorn Catalpa

Unitod States. Illinois, through southern Indirjia, wostorn Kentucky
and Tennossoe, southeastern idssouri and northeastern x^rkansas.

Borders of streai.is and ponds, raid fertile, of ton inundated, bottoi.ilands,
associated ^7ith naplo, olr.i, hickory, ash, oaks, etc.

L tree, occasionally 120 foot high, I'/ith a tall, straight trunk and
slender brcaichos forning a narrow round-topped head* Vigorous grov/th
and relatively hardy.

Tap and lateral roots penetrating to a depth of 1 to 5 feet# Net rrind-
f im.

a« Moist soils, well drained; requires 25 inches or noro of rain.

Stands sono inundation. Sonev/hat drought-resistant,
b. Deep, fertile, porous soils. Does not do v/oll on heavy, poorly

drained soils, or poor, sandy soil or stiff clay soils, or those

v/ith an ir.iporvious subsoil.
C|» Does not tolerate strong alkali. Neutral or acid soils best.

pH 6.0 to 8,0.
d. Fron sea level to 6000 feet above sea level.
e« Tonpcrature extrenes -35 degrees to 120 degrees F.
f« Very intolerant.

Not resistant to disease or insects. Badly daiiaged by a soft heart-rot.

Fruit no-tures in -'^ugust and Soptcnber, crops are heavy, fertility good.
Easily collected by hand. Geminates roadily. Plants easily handled
in the nursery. Sprouts readily.

A fair soil binder where cutting is not active.

a. High value as v/ood products, posts, poles, fuel oiid lui.iber.

b. Light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, light brovm, durable.

Low values for wildlife.

1-0 stock roadily adapted to spring planting.
Source of honey.

a. Palatability : rabbits, high.

References - 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 16, 22, 31, 40.

1, CornuG stolonifcrc Iviichx. - rGd-Coior Dog\7cod

2t United States and Canada, Newfoundland and Labrador to Yuhon Territory,
California, Nov; Lexico, Kansas, Virginia an^l southern i^rizcna,

3« Mainly along strean ban]cs» Pondorcsa pine and aspen-spruce "bolts,
is-ssociatod with v/illov/s, aspen, alder and birches.

4t A shrub 3 to 10 feet tall, thicket fcrr.iing.

5* Wide-spread roots v/hich prevent cutting by Vv'atQr.

6. a. Requires an ariple noisturc supply*

b. Hoist, rich soils but vn.ll grow on sojid dunes.

c. Tolerates alkali in the presence of abundant v/ator.

d. ^oa level to over 850C foot above sea level.

o. Tenperature uxtrenes fron -50 degrees to 100 degrees F.
f. Tolerant.

7. Resistant to disease and insects.

8. Seed natures about July, i.ioderately easy to gather. Ten to t^.-elve
ncnths stratification necessary' for nursery production. Layers and
cuttings nay be used.

9. Valuable along living streans or on dunes that ror.xdn noist.

10. a. No ^/alue for v/ood.

11. Valuable as wildlife food and protection.

12. Probably 2-0 stock satisfactory for field use.

13. a. Palatability: cattle, nediuid; horses, nediuiAj sheep, lev;.

ReferencA^- 1, 2, 4, 14, 22.

1, E 1 c>o r. :u s an^;u stifolia L. - Kussi:..:.i Ol.ivo

2» Scuthorn Suropo end v/ostorii ^iSif-. PlCvntod throughout tho United States,

3» Hoist, rich soil in open sunlif,ht, but doos r/cll under nuch loss desir-
able circunstancc3» Docs not ^row naturally in tho United States, al-
though it nay exist as escapes along ditches cuid water courses.

4.

snail tree, usually under 30 foot, mth an erect or cor.inonly loaning
or tvistod and distorted trunk, producing an irregular tree. Foms
donso thickets undor favorable conditions.

Has a taproot and spreading laterals ponotrating to a depth of 5 or 10
foot in the soil. Laterals are long and spreading. Resistant to
T.'indtiirow'.

6. a. Prof or s considorable soil noisturo, but v;ill grov/ on drier sites

and is Liodera.toly drought-rosistant.

b. I^oos best on i.ioist, rich soils such as loans and clay loans, fair
on sandy lor«n.s. "17111 grov/ on linostone soils.

c. Moderate ly alkali-ro si strait - pH 6.0 to 8.0,

d. Plantings fron 500 foot or lose to 8000 foot above sea level .
o. Tonporaturo range fron -40 dogroos to 110 degrees F,

f • Intel era?it, Keods roon in v/indbreaks.

7. iiodoratoly resistant to insects and disease.

8. Fruit ripens in late suz.ji.ior and persists on the tree; crops arc abun-
dant and easily gathered by stripping, Af tor-ripening period neces-
sary. Throe or four nonths stratification or plcjit in early ■'.ri-iitor.
Hay be propagated fron hardv/ood cuttings.

9. This plcnt is valuublo for soil binding, desilting, v:ildlifo food and
general rovogotaticn. Valuable in windbrcalcs or control of v/ind ero-
sion,

10. a. Vi'oed of little value although it nay nake fence posts and fuel,
b. Uo:.d d..;rk bro-v;n, light, v/oak, coarse-grained, easily split and

fairly durable in contact v/ith tho soil.

11. Provides oxcollent food o.nd shelter for v;ildlife. Fruit oaten by nany
species of birds, including Gcc.ibel quail; available through nost of
T/intor.

12. 1-0 stock suitable for field planting in tho spring.

13. a. Palatability: cattle, lew; horses, low.

Roforoncos - 1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 40.

1. El(iGC.:;nus an^ustifolia L. - Kussic.n Ol.ivo

2. Scuthorn Europe end v/ostorii aisir.. plCvntod throughout tho United States.

3. Hoist, rich soil in open sunlight, but doos -tcII under nuch less desir-
able circui-.istancef3» Decs not ^rovj- nr.turally in the United States, al-
thourh it nay exist as escapes along ditches rjid v/ater courses •

A.

sr.all tree, usually under 30 foot, mth an erect or cc:viionly loaning
or t'.visted and distorted trunk, producing an irregular tree. Ferris
dense thickets under favorable conditions.

5» Has a taproot and spreading laterals penetrating to a depth of 5 or 10
foot in thi
Y.'izadtlirow".

foot in the soil. Laterals are lon,^:, and spreading. Resistant to

6. a. Profors considerable soil noisture, but will grow on drier sites
and is noderately drought-resistant.

b. r^cos best on noist, rich soils such as loans and clay loans, fair
on sandy loar^.s. Will grovz on lir-ostone soils.

c. Moderately alkali-ro si strait - vJl 6.0 to 8.0,

d. Plantings fron 500 foot or less to 8000 foot above sea level.

e. Tonperaturo ran.:e fron -40 dorrces to 110 dorcreos F,
Intolera?:t . Needs roon in v/indbreaks.

-L .

7. i>-oderately resistant to insects and disease.

8. Fruit ripens in late sur.uacr' and persists on the tree; crops are abun-
dant and easily gathered by stripping. After-ripening period neces-
sary. Tiiree or four nonths stratification or plcmt in early "VTintor.
Hay be propagated fron hardv/ood cuttings.

9. This plrnt is valuublo for soil binding, desilting, \7ildlife food and
general rovegotaticn. Valuable in windbrealcs or control of v/ind ero-
sion.

10. a. 'v'<ood of little value although it nay nake fence posts and fuel,
b» i/o:.d d.;rk browi, light, T/eak, coarse-grained, easily split and

fa.irly durable in co:itact v/ith tho soil,

11. Provides excellent food and shelter for Y;ildlife. Fruit eaten by nany
ST:)ecios of birds, including Gcc.ibol quail; available through nest of
v/intor.

12. 1-0 stock suitable for field planting in the spring.

13. a. Palatability : cattle, lev;; horses, low.

References - 1, 2, 5, G, 11, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 40.

^' ^'''^-ll^o i'-- paradoxes (P. Do.'i.) ■^-^£^^'lj_ - ^^'/''-gIio Plu; lO

2, United "^tatos, UcGtorn Tcx:>g ; .nd scui:hor)i Colorado to Gouthurn Nevada,
Gouthofistorn Ct-lifornia south into i-ioxico,

3. Dry, rocliiy rid(;os, open canyons '..nd aidos of arroyos. Found in tho
Ccvilloa, artoT.-.isia and lower pinon bolts, and at tiiioc passinj^, throuf^h
pinon- junipor holt to tho pondorosa pino bolt, Croosoto bush, black
brush, sa[;:;obrush, pinon, juniper, pondorosa pino, cako, etc.

4» An uprif.ht shrub to 5 foot tall, difusoly branched.

5« Latoral and taprootod, ponotratinr; to a dopth of 4 to 5 foot or ].,oro
and widosproadini-;; •

6, a, Drou.'Jit-rosistant .

hm Gro";/s on a v/ido variety of soils but doos best on the deep, iioist
soils, v;oll-drainodi. Corj.on on sandy or clay loaris.

c» Noutrr.-l to allcalino soils, calcareous soils and iiodoratoly resistant
to alkali,

d. KroM 1000 foot to 8500 foot abovo sea lovol.

0, To] '.j)oraturc oxtro: ;es -20 dO('^;roGs to 125 do(;roes F.

f. Intolerant, prefers sujiuy places.

7, Moderately resistant to injects and disease,

8, oood ripens in July and is i.icdorato to abundant, of fair to ^'ood fer-
tility, Collection is easy because of abu]i.danco. Gemination pronpt,
nodoratoly easy to propa,;atc in nursery.

9, ;;ood erosion-control plant for soil binding and dosiltin^';,

10. No value to -vvood.

11. Furnishes sor.io foraf'^e and shelter to v/ildlifo,

12, 2-0 plantini;;; stock suitable for spring; plantin;;, 1-0 stoclc also used,
Easily handled,

13, a, Pr.latability : cattle, Modiur.i; horses, nodiuri; sheep, r.iodiur.i; rab-

bits, nodiuM,

Roforcncos - 2, 4, 14, 22, 40,

1. ForostiGrci nGo-r.iGxicr-ni:. A. Grciv. - Wild Olive - ^v;.eli(

2. United States. V'ostern Toxas tc central Ut^Ji and southern California,

5. In canyons, alon.;: stroar.i courses, parks, woodlands and in the seni-
dcsert, dissociated v/ith creosote bush, sagebrush, pinon, juniper,
oaks, etc.

4, s:..coth shrub or snail tree attainin^j 20 foot, vilth an irror;ular
romided top,

5, V/ido-spreading root syster: of tap and laterals, V/indfirn and resists
erosion,

6, a. Drought-resistant but found in uoist sites.

b, Founj. on a variety of soils,

c, Extrch.ely resistant to iioderate aiAounts of alkali. Calcareous
soils and neutral soils,

d# Froi-i 500 foet to 7000 foot or rore above sea level,
o, Tei-iperaturo range fron -20 degrees to 125 degrees F«
f. Intolerant, usually found in thickets.

7, Resisti-'jit to disease and insects.

8, Fruit natures in jvurust, crops arc heavy, fertility is high. Seed col-
lection difficult as drupes stick tc bushes. Gemination is pronpt and
plants easily handled in the nursery, liay be propagated by layers or
cuttings.

9, Useful for soil binding and desilting,

10. yjood of lev; value,

11. Furnishes food and good shelter for midlife.

12. 1-0 rooted stock easily handled for spring planting. Cuttings nay be
used.

13. Spreads by layering.

a. Palatability : cattle, lo7v; horses, loT/j shoep, nediuii.

References - 1, 2, d, 14, 22, 40.

i

1# Frcxinus ponnsylvanicc. lancoolata (Borkhcuocn) Sarg« - Grcon Ash

2. United States. Fron Maine, Vomont, an^l scutmvard to v/Gstcrn Florida;
v/estivard- to the eastern ranges of the i^cky Mountains, and into Utah and
eastern and nortliern ij-rizona, and through Texas •

3» Lou, noist ground, stroan banks and uplands. Hir-iid regions. ii.sscciated
with eln, hackberry, sycaa-.iore, black cherry, red ash, and oaks.

4» A tree, rarely 60 feet high, vath a rounded top.

Deep-seated fibrous roots which extend laterally, penetrate the soil to
a de-.th of 5 to 10 feet, 'Windfirn.

6. a. Prefers a noist, v>rell drained soil, out does groY/ on drier sites.

Drought-resistant.

b. Found on scaidy loai::S and loruis, but T.dll grow on stiff clays of the
uplands. Requires a fertile soil. Stunted on inpenetrable hardpan
soils .

c. liarked resistance to alkali. Prefers a neutral or circui.meutral soil.

d. 5'ron sea level to 6000 feet.

e. Teiiperate extrones -55 degrees to 110 degrees F.

f. Intolerant.

7. j'.lodcrately resistant to disease a:id insects. Borers infest v/ood.

3. Fruit natures in --^ugust, abundant crops, high fertility. Easily gathered
by hand or shatter fron. tree. Soed should be planted in winter or soaked
in water two or three days. Gemination is very irregular.

9. i>.s a filler and soil binder in noist places, Sheltcrbelts .

10. a. A valuable tinber tree, durable v/ood.

b. liea-v/y, hard, strong, coarse-grained, easy to split, light broYm with
thick greenish sapwood.

11. Fairly hi.r.'h wildlife values, especially food.

12. 1-0 rooted stock suitable for spring planting. Easily handled.

13. a. No palatability inf on.iation.

References - 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 32, 40.

1

i

1. Gloditsia triacrj.nthos L» - Hcnoy Locust

ci. Gloditoia triacanthos inoriiis ..■illdeiiov; - Thornloss Honoy Locust^

2» Uiiitod otutoG, Southern Ontario v/ostY/ard to oastorn Nebraska and Kansas,
southward to Florida and Toxas.

3« Borders of stroc^is and intorvalo lands, in noist fcrtilo soil, usually
grov/ing singly or occasionally covorini;.j alj.iost oxclusivoly considerable
areas; loss corjioii on dry, sterile, gravelly hills. Found in the hm.iid
regions v;ith hickory, ash, boxolder, basswood and black T;alnut«

4. tree, 75 to 140 foot high, slender, spreading, soneivhat pendulous
bra-ichos forr.iing o. broi.d, open, rather flat-topped head.

5. Deep rooted, penetrating the soil to a depth of 10 to 20 feet, wide-
spread ing • u ind f i n- 1 •

6. a» prefers comdIo soil noisturo for host grov/th, but is also quite drought

rosistant •

b. 'Found on a variety of soils but duos best on deep, fertile, huiaus
soil?. d'Gos p.;orly on gravelly or hoav^^ clciy soils and fails on
shallow soils. Liiao is faTorablo to grov/th. pH 6.9 to 7.2 best,
or pH 6,0 to 8.0.

c. Prefers a neutral to acid soil, but will grow on soils containing
considerable quantities of line and alkali. Podorately resistant
to alkali providing the water supply is anple.

d. i'bunl fror.i soa level to 5000 feet above sea level,
c. To:.:perature oxtrenos -30 degrees to 110 degrees F,
f# "^ory intolerant,

7. Mcderatoly rosistant to insects and disease. Tivig girdler.

8. oeed natures in the autu3.":ni, is fairly abundant and noderately easy to
collect, oeod delaved in gemination, l.iost ;;ractical v/ay tc secure
gorninatien of this hard-c-.,''uted seed, in nursery, is to treat with
Cone. H230^ (sulphuric acid) for approxinatoly one hour.

9. Not too valuable for erosion control, but is useful in vfindbreaks.

10. a. Valuable for fence pests, rails and luj.ibor.

hm liood har.l, strong, coarse-[-rained, very durtdole in contact with the
soil, red to bright red-brow]i.

11. ^31i,dit value to Y/ildlife as food and cover.

12. 1-0 ruotod stock suitcdolo for planting in the field in the spring. ITeeds
care and cultivation,

13. a, Palatability; cattle, nediur-i; horses, r.iodiui:!; sheep, nodiui.i; rabbits,

high.

r.oferoncos - 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 40

n

t

>

Juglans najor HqH , Noj^r.l
( Juf;lans rupo stris Lv.-.jor Torrcy)

United StLitoG. Toxas, contra! and soutliorn How Mexico and ^^-rizona.

Banks of stroaias and in canyons. Covillea to pcndorcsa pine bolt asso-
ciatod Vvith sycainoro, cottonv;ood, Vj'illovj'S, nulborry, ash and calis,

troo, Goi.iotir.ios 50 foot hi 'h, sinr:lG stcj.i or a clunp of stoiis fomin^;
a narro"V7 hoad.

Ucdoratoly doop and mdc-sproad root systoi.i, Licdoratcly vjlndfin.i.

a. Rcquiros an o."bu2idanco of Lioisturo^

i^ou^;;h, rooky soils to doop, rich soils. In.difforont to quality,
c. l.ioleratoly alkali-rosistant .
d» Ranfvos 1400 to 7000 foot abovo sea level.
0, Tej.iporature rayire fror.:. -30 derrces to 120 degrees F.
f. Very intolerant.

lioderately resistant to disease and insects. Subject to heart rot and
daT.aged in somo localities by a witch brooiA or,':;.anisri. ^onetines de-
foliated by caterpillars.

Fruit ripens in i^urust and Septonber, abundant crops at short, irregular
intervals J high fertility. Easily collected by shattering fron tree.
Pronpt gen.iination after stratification. Easily handled in nursery.

Cover plant in noist canyons.

a. Used sone for fuel and posts. Sound naterial has relatively high

value, but present value low duo to si.iall c»i:icunts available.
b« Hard, iiGC.Yy^ strong, coarse-grained, deep chocolate-brown hcartv/"ood.

Ivloderate value to wildlife as food and cover.

1-0 rooted stock for spring planting. Easily hiuidled.

iJuts .

a. Palataldlity : cattle, lev;; horses, low; sheep, r.iediuni rabbits,
Liediun.

References - 1, 2, 12, 12, 22, 40.

I

1, Ju-^lp-ns nigra L» - Black li>"c-lnut

2« 'Jnitcd States and C-nada. i«estorn .■ lassachusotts to southern Ontario,

Gouthern Ilichij-an, southeastern liinnesota, central and northern Nebraska,
central Kansas, eastern OklcJioir.a, soutliward to western Fieri Aa, central
^'.la""oai-.ia, Idississippi, Louisiana and Texas.

3« Rich bcttoi.-.s and fertile hillsides. Kui-iid regions. Ash, hackberry,
bassv/ood, eln, oaks, etc.

'l. tree, frequently 100 feet hir;h, thick lii.ibs spreadin(^ .-gradually and
fondn^^ a co;-iparatively narrow, shapely, round-to-^ped head.

5. Lo"n,; taproots penetrating to a depth of 10 to 15 feet. In Nebraska to
a depth of 5 feet or :iore. rict -/dndfir!!.

6. a» 1-^oist cites, porous subsoil, net too v/et. ScMOwhat drought-resis-

tant •

b. Rich, deep soils containing hui.ius, sandy lo:a.-.s and clays, calcareous
soils, subsoils T/ell drained. Stiff subsoil retards groi-rbh.

c. Not resistant to noderate allzali unless i^ater is present, pH 7.3 to
8,0. ij.cid soils nc:^t fa\"orablc.

d. Fro.: sea level to 5000 feet above sea level,

e. To.' pert-ture range froii -50 degrees to 115 degrees F. Dcxiago from
late spring frost is greater on the poorer soils.

f. Intolerant, ^uring the first years it vrill bear considerable shad-
ing fron the sid.o.

7. I lode rate re stance to disease or insects.

3. Fruit natures in fall, abundant crops, high fertility. Collection easy
by boating domi the nuts. Geminates evenly o.fter 3 to 4 wee]:s fron
tine of planting. Easily handled in the nursery. Seed should be pro-
tected fron rodents fron ti:..e of planting to co:ipletion of gerLiination
period.

9. soil binder ani :!rovides protection fro]- blov>dng. Useful only in
noist places,

10. a." Vovlue of v.'ood hig.h. Limber, posts and special uses.

b. Heai'-^^, hard, strong, rather coo,r so-grained, very dural'le, rich,
dark brov/i'i heart-A-'C'd.

11. Value to wildlife for food, nainly squirrels,

12. 2-0 or 2-1 rooted stock for spring planting. Easily handled. Broken
or torn roots should be carefully pruned v/ith a sharp knife so as to
nakc a clean, snooth wound which vd.ll heal readily.

13. Huts of high value for food. VJalnut is toxic to other tree and shrub
••;rc^^'th and usually only grass is found directly underneath the croxm
whore the roots are spread.

a. No ralatabilitv inf orr-.iation.

"7 O

i

1, Jimiporus nonospoma ^cirr, - Ono-scod Junipor

2« Unitod States end lioxico. Ec.st bcwso of the Roclry I.Iountains fron

VJyonin;^, Colorado, T/ostorn Oklaliona, vrcstcrn Texas, Now licxico, Arizona,
Utah and into iicxico.

3. Desert plains and nountains. Pinon bolt associated xvith other juniper,
ponder osa pine, oalcs, etc.

4« tree, occasionally 40 to 50 feet hir^h, short, stout branches fomin{;
an open, very irregular head. Uoro often a nuch branched shrub, sone-
tinos only a fewi feet high.

5, Taprootcd, v/indfim.

6, a. Drought-resistant, 'joll drained soils,
b. Dry, rocky, or gravelly soils.

c» Hoderatoly alkali-resistant. Calcareous and circui'.meutral soils.

d. 5500 to 8000 feet elevation above sea level.

Ot Frcn -30 degrees to 110 degrees F.

f« Tolerant in youth to intolerant in ago.

7. Resistant to disease and insects. Sono borer daiiage in old trees.

8. Fruit r.:atures October, crops usually heavy, fertility fair to good.
Easily colloctod and cleaned. Seed usually stratified for 3 v;eeks.
Gemination usually even after 3 or 4 T/eeks.

9. Valuable as a v/atershed cover and soil binder.

10. a. l-iood of hij'Ji value for fuel,, posts, polos.

b. Tica^Ty, slightly fragrant, light reddish broivn,

11. Kigh value as food and good shelter for Vvdldlifo.

12. 1-1 stock suitable for spring plcjiting. Easily handled.

13. a. Palatability : cattlo, lov/j sheep, lev/.

References - 1, 13, 7, 21, 22, 40.

/

1, liC.clura pordfcra ochn, - Oso.r.^G-Oranr:G
"(T o xy 1 o n p or.i i f o r uri Rafn . )

2. United States, "^cuthorn Arkansas tc southorn Oklahcna and southward in
Toxas.

3# Kich bottoi-iS and fertile slopes. Associated v/ith oaks, eli.is, and hicko-
ries in the huiiid re^'rions.

4» tree, sonetines 50 to 60 feet tall with a short triinlc, and stout^ erect,
ultinately sproadinr; branches forr.iinr, a handsono, open, irror^ular, round-
topped head.

5. Conhination of tap and lateral roots, v/ido-spreadinj and penetrating to
:^epths of 4 to 5 foot or in fino textured soils to a depth of 10 to 20
f o et • i indf i n i •

6« a. Prefers cavi^^^le soil noisture but is ablo to stand oxtrei.ie aridity,
b. Rich, fertile alluvials .r slopes preferred, but Ydll rrox-i on iiost
any soil,

c* Prefers neutral end sli.':;jitly acid soils, but Y/ill firoxi in noderate
alkali.

,1

Frcn 500 to 6000 feet above sea level.

e, TeiJi'.-.erature extreiaes fron -30 to 120 derrees P,

I a X oxora.iO e

7, Resistant to insects and disease.

8, Fruit rinens in tno fall, crops are heavy and seed fertility is hirh.
Collection by hand is oa<^y- Seed difficult to extract fron fruit, Ger-
nina'Glon is 1'airly prcnpt and plants arc easily handled in the nursery,
ilay be prGpa;:;;atod fron root-cuttinr;s and young wood-cuttings. Suckers
readily 3

9, valuable plant for vand-breaks and soil binding,

10, a. High value tc wood products, posts, ties, and wheel-stock,

b« V;ood heavy, exceedingly hard, very strong, flexible, coarse-grained,
very durable, bright orange tur]iing brown on exposure.

11, Provides excellent shelter and soiie food for wildlife.

12, 1-0 stock suitable for field planting. Not readily secured fron cut-
tings in the field. Suckers readily. Spring planting,

13, Iji excellent hedge and vdndbreak plant,
a. Palo.tability ; rabbits, lew.

References - 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, 5, 16, 22, 25, 40.

«1

.4

1 . Lorus albci L. Vmito .-"ul o r ry

a, I-'jrus alba tartaric a Russian i^alberry

2. Asia, NaturalizGd throughout the United otates.

3. Rocky hillsidos and "botton lands* Naturalized fron i.sia about 1875*
^scapes to bottons nin.gling with oak and naples.

4. JjOX'T, bushy tree, 30 to 40 feet tall, ivith a low, broad, rounded crovjn.
Dense grovrth,

5. Tap and lateral roots spreading widely throughout the soil and to a
depth of 10 to 20 foot, 'dndfinri.

6m a» Drought-resistant.

b. Best on rich loar.is but grows on sands and clays, not exacting.

c. pli 8,1 to 8,4. ilodorately alkali-resistant.

d, oea level to 7500 feet above sea level.

e# Toi.iperature rcngo 0 degrees to 100 degrees F. Cannot endure severe

v/inters .

f. Tolerant of shade.

7. Comparatively free of insect attack and disease.

8. Fruit ripens in Juno, crops are heavy, fertility good. Easily collected
but difficult to separate the seeds frci.i the pulp. Gen-iination pronpt,
plants easily handled in nursery. Cutting nay be used but is not en-
tirely satisfactory.

9. Valuable for windbreaks.

10. a, Tijcd of low value, used for fuel o.nd posts.

b, i«cod heavy, elastic, i.io-dorately strong, and coarse-grained.

11. Valuable as food for v/ildlife, provides sone shelter.

12. 2-0 stock suitable for field planting in spring. Cuttin(';s r.-ay be used
lut are not as satisfactory.

13. Shade, and food. I.-any varieties, trashy or nessy tree in cities and
about houses.

a. Palatability : cattle, high; horses, nediuri; sheep, r.i.ediuii.

I.Iorus alba tartarica the nest hardy.

References

- 1, 2, 9, 5, 16, 19, 22, 30, 40

1. ilorus i.iicrophyllo. Bucl:l» - Ixjxican i lul'jorry
(liorus coltidif olia ri.'F.K,)

2. United States and I'.er.ico* 'Postern Texas, southern Ncy; Liexico and
southern and central Arizona.

o» Dry linestono hills, nountain canyons, and nountain sides. Covilloa
and pinon "belt associated v.dth oo.ks, pinon and juniper.

4. A tree, sonetir.ios 15 to 20 feet hi:;h; spreading, rounded top.

5. Deep, vdde- spread root syster.1, v/indfirn,

6. a. Sxtrenoiy 'Iroup^ht-resistant ,

b. Rccl-r/-, sandy loaiis, rather inilifferent .

c. I-oderatoly alkali-resistant. Calcareous soils,.

d. 1000 to 6000 foot elevation above sea level,
c. FroM -10 derrees to 120 .ler;roos F,

f. Intolerant.

7. Resistant to disease and insects.

8. Fruit natures in ^-u:7ust, crops i.ioucrately abundant, easily collected on
canvas, but available only short time duo to birds. Fertility fair.
ITursery production jood.

9. -ti. fair soil binder on dry sites.

10. a. No value to v-'ocd.

b. Heavy, hard, close-f^rained, dark oranre color.

11. Hi.-h value as food and shelter to T/ildlife.

12. 1-0 rooted stock easily hajidled for sprin;; planting:,
lo. a, Palatability ; cattle, hirdij rabbits, hirh*

Rcferencos - 13, 22, 40.

1. Parryella filifolia Torr. Gray - ^ ^ ^

2. Western United States.

3. Dry hillsides and mesas, sand dunes, .^rtemisia and pinon belts; pinon,
juniper, atriplex, etc.

4. Small shrub 2 to 6 feet high.
5» Fine, fibrous roots, windfirm.

6m a. Extremely drought-resistant.

b. Sandy soils.

c. Moderately alkali-resistant,

d. 2000 to 7000 feet above sea level.

e. From -30 degrees to 130 decrees F,

f. Intolerant.

7. Attacked by rust in Shiprock Nursery,

8. Heavy seed production, matures in August and September, easily collected,
fertility high, Keadily handled in the nursery. Germinates evenly
after one week,

9. Soil ojcid sand binder on dry sites,

10, a. I'^o value to wood,

11, Some value to wildlife as food and shelter.

12, 2-0 rooted stock for field planting in the spring. Easily handled,

13, a. Unpalatable to livestock.

References - 22 and 40,

!• FarthonQcissus quinquefolia planch, - Virginia Creeper
(i\mpelopsis quinquef olia"Michx, )
(Psedora quinquefolia (L.) Greene).

2. Korth America, New England to Florida and Mexico, v/est to Ohio, Illinois
and Missouri.

3. iioist places along streams and in woods, associated i/vdth oaks, maples,
elms, etc.

4» A high climbing bush or vino.

5. No information,

6. a. Requires good moisture conditions.

b. Deep, rich soils, v;ill grow on other soils.

c. Iviodorately alkali-resistant. Circumneutral soils. '

d. Sea level to 8000 feet above sea level.

e. Tem^peratures -30 degrees to 120 degrees F«

f. Intolerant.

7. Resistant to disease and insects.

8. Heavy crops of fruit in August to December, easily'' gathered, high fer-
tility. Germination high, easily gro-wn from seed in nursery. Propa-
gated from cuttings.

9. A soil binder in moist places. Covers the ground rapidly and thor-
oughly.

10. a. I'To value to wood.

11. Valuable as food and shelter to vriLldlife.

IE, Easily planted in the field as 1-0 or 2-0, rooted stock, 2-0 stock
probably most desirable.

13. a, I'Jo palatability inform.ation.

References - 1, 2, 14, 22.

I

1. Picea engelmannii Engelau - Engelmann Spruce

2. Canada and United States. Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, southward
in the interior mountains to southern New Mexico and central Arizona.

3. ^iigh mountain slopes, canyons and benches. North slopes. Associated
with Alpine fir, Douglas fir, limber pine, bristleoone pine, white fir,
ponderosa pine, aspen, lodgepole pine.

4. A tree, sometimes 120 feet tall, v/ith spreading branches producing a nar-
rov^ compact, pyramidal head.

5. Lateral roots penetrating to shallow depths, not windfirm.

6. a. Dry to wet sites, but does poorly on porous soils.

b. Retentive, fine loeons, deep, ricli, alluvial soils, occasionally on
residual soils.

c. Does not tolerate much alkali, best in neutral and acid soils. Sub-
acid soils.

d. From 5000 to 12,000 foot above sea level.

e. Temperature range from -40 degrocs to 100 degrees F.

f. Very tolerant,

7. Moderate resistance to disease and insects.

8. Cones mature in August, fairly abundant, moderately fertile seed. Moder-
ately difficult to collect. Seed germinates evenly in three weeks' time.
Seed bod treatment required to control damping off. Shade during first
year ejad part of second.

9. Most valuable as a watershed cover.

10. a. Used for polos, posts, fuel, lumber.

b. Light, soft, not strong, closo-grsiinod, pale yellow tinged with red.

11. Valuable as food and good cover for vdldlifo.

12. 2-2 rooted stock for spring planting. Easily handled in the field.

13. a. No palatability inf omation.

Rofcrcnccs - 1, 6, 10, 13, 15^ 35.

!• Picon, pungons Sngolm - Colorado Spruce

2. United Statos. Colorado and oastorn Utah, southern and northv/ostorn
Vvyoming, and Goutiiward into northern Now ilGxico,

3. Banks of streams and first benches. Pinon, ponderosa pine, and spruce-
aspen belts. EngoLrnann spruce, alpine fir, narrow-leaf cottonwood,
vj'illov:s,

4. A tree, usua.lly 80 to 100 foot tall, pyramidal crown becoming thin and
ragged in ago.

5. Many lateral roots penetrating t>ie soil shallowly. Not mndfimi.

6. a. Prefers abundant supply of moisture, but v/ill grow on drier sites.

b. Moist, rich, gravelly, sandy or rocky soils.

c. Not resistant to alkali, acid to neutral soils pH 6.0 - 7.0. Sub-
acid soils.

d. From 6000 to 11,000 foot above sea level.

e. Temperature range -40 degrees to 100 degrees F.

f. Tolerant.

7. Modorato resistance to disease and insects.

8. Cones mature in *iugust, m.edorate abundance, moderately difficult to col-
lect. Seed germinates evenly in 3 weeks time. Seed bed treatment to
control damping off. Shade during first year and part of second. Vv'inter
protection.

9. Not of great value in erosion control other than Y/atershed protection or
use in windbreaks because of moisture requirement.

10. a. Polos, posts and liciiber.

b. Light, soft, close-grained, weak, pale brovm or nearly Yv^hite.

11. Of vt.luo as food and good shelter for valdlife.

12. 2-2 rooted stock for spring planting. Do not prune the tops.

13. a. PalatOvbility : No information.

References -

1, 2, 10, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 34

I

V

i

1, Pinus odulis Bri,p;oLn. piiion
(pinus corabroidos odulis* YonriTY

Z* United States and i-oxico, ITorthorn Colorado, to oxtromo Y^Gstorn Okla-
homa, wGstorn Tox^.s, T/osti/ard to oaGtcrn Utah, southvrastorn 'ijyoraing,
northern and central Arizonc. into northern Mexico.

3. Donert foothills, meso.s and mountains. Pinon, ponderosa pine, and
artcmisia bolts. Junipers, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, oaks, etc.

4. k tree often 40 to 50 foot high with short, erect branches forming a
narrow head, froquontly divided vath a lev;, round-topped head.

5. Vvido- spreading laterals and taproots, penetrating the soil shallowly.
I.ioderately vrindfirm but less than m.ost pines. Tap 1-|- to 2 feet long.
Laterals spread 5 to 15 feat.

6. a. Drought-resistant. Vv'ell drained soils.

b. Deep, vrell drained, gravelly sands or loaiTLS, also on shallow, rocky
soils, on fine grained adobe.

c. Lioderate resistance to alkali. Soil neutral or alkaline. Calcareous,

d. From 4000 feet to 9000 foot above sea level.

o« Temperature raxage from -30 degrees to 120 degrees F.
f. Very intolercait.

7. l oderr'.te resistance to insects and disot.so.

8. Cones mature in September and October, crops abundant every few years,
easily collected on canvas, fertility m.oderato. ^^erminates promptly,
plants easily handled in nursery.

9. Of value in erosion control mainly as v/atershed cover. Prevents soil
bloYdng when established.

10. a. Wood products of fair value for fuel, posts and poles*
b. Light, soft, not strong, brittle, pale broTJii.

11. High value to wildlife for food :uid shelter.

12. 1-1 rootod stock, spring planting. Ecsily handled.

13. Nuts used as food.

a. No palatability infomaticn.

References - 1, 14, 13, 15, 8, 39, 40

!• Populus a.lb;i L, - Vvhito Poplar

2, Contrcl end southorn Europe to wostorn Siboricx and ccntrc.l Asia. Natur-
::lizod in tho Unitod ^t^.tos.

3» Europe and Asia,

4. A troG, 50 to 60 foot tall, forming a largo, spreading, rounded or ir-
regular crovm of largo crooked branches.

5. Shallot'; lateral roots, noderately windf imi.

6. a-. Prefers a constant abundant moisture supply but ^dll grov7 on drier

sites.

b. Rich, moistj alluvia.1 soils best but Y7ill grov; on nearly any soil,

c. Ivloderate resistance to alkali,

d# Found from sea lovol to 8000 feet above sea level,
o. Ter;.peraturo range -40 degrees to 130 degrees F»
f. Very intolerant.

7. Ivloderate resistance to insects and disease.

8. oeod matures in May, crops medium, fertility high. Collection easy.
Gcrr::ination prompt tho first season. Easily handled in the nursery
by use of cuttings. Suckers freely.

9. Soil binder v;here cutting is not active. Temporary Y:indbreaks.

10. a. Kigh value of i-vood locally. Fuel, posts, poles.

b« Light, soft, T/eak, difficult to split, reddish yellow heartwood.

11. Lo-^v value to Y/ildlifo.

12. 1-0 rooted stock or hardv;ood cuttings for spring planting in the field,
easily handled,

13. Use male trees, A niimber of varieties,

a, Palatability • cattle, modiui:;; sheep, mediua; rabbits, medium.

Reforoncos - 1, 2, 11, 9, 19, 40.

i

1. Populus angustifolia James. - Narrow- leaved Cottonwood

2. United States and Mexico. 31ack Hills of South Dakota and Northwestern
Nebraska, v/estward through Wyoming, Montana and Idaho, ViTashington, and
southv;ard to central Nevada, southwestern New Uexico and northern
Arizona.

3". Banks of streams or on moist flats. Covillea upward to the spruce-
aspen belt. VJillows, alders, alpine fir, engelmann spruce, blue
spruce, etc.

4. A tree, 50 to 60 feet high, with slender erect branches forming a nar-
row and usually pyramidal head.

5. A shallow root system of a tap and laterals. Moderately windfirm.

6. a. i^equires an ample water supply.

b. Rich, moist soils.

c. Immoderately resistant to alkali when water is abundant. pH 6.9 - 7.2.

d. At 5000 to 10,000 feet above sea level,

e. Temperature range -35 degrees to 100 degrees F.

f. Intolerant.

7. Moderate to poor resistance against insects and disease.

8. Fruit ripens in May, abundant crops, medium fertility. Easily collected
by hand from ground, plants adaptable to nursery production. Cuttings
most econom-ical.

9. Soil binding and desilting where cutting is not active.

10. a. VJood of high value locally, fuel, posts and lumber,
b. Light brovm, soft, weak, thick sapv/ood,

11. Low v/ildlife values.

12. 1-0 rooted stock or rooted cutting for spring planting. Hardv/ood cutting
most economical,

13* Especially subject to damage when small or until out of reach of livestock,
a, Palatability : cattlo, 1oy/j horses, lov/; sheep, low.

References - 1, 2, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 40.

!• Populus sargontii Dodc . - C_ottonvv'ood

2. United States, Foothill region of the -tocky Mountains from Saskatchewan
to New Llexico, and ranging east to the Dakotas, vrc stern Nebraska, Kansas,
Oklahoma and Texas.

3. Stream banks and moist places v;ith willov:s.

4. A tree 60 to 90 feet tall, v/ith erect and spreading branches forming a
broad, open head,

5. Root system of shallov; laterals, not particularly 'vindfim. Penetrates
to a depth of 1 to 5 foot.

6. a. iiequires cja ample moisture supply,
b. Rich soils of the bottoms.

c» Moderately resistant to alkali in the presence of ample T/atcr.

d. Ranges from 2000 to 9000 foot above sea level.

o« Tenpcraturc extremes -30 degrees to 110 dogrces F.

f • Vory intolerant.

7. Does not resist insects or disease.

8» Seed matures in Nay, crop abundant, fertility high. Easily collected,
germination high if planted the somo season, plants easily handled in
the nursery. Most satisfactorily secured from cuttings.

9» Suitable as a filler on bars and stream banks. Inferior to vfillows where
active cutting by i^rater is present.

10. a. Valuable locally for fuel, posts and lumber,

b. Dark yellovj-ish brovm heartT;ood; thick sap-vrood is nearly white.

11« Furnishes some food and cover for midlife,

12. 1-0 rooted stock, or 1-0 rooted cuttings for v/intor or spring plcjits.
Hardv/ood cuttings are satisfactory for field planting and are more eco-
nomical. Pulled vdldings are suitable for field use.

13. a. Palatability : cattle, medium; horses, medium; sheep, lev/; rabbits,

lev/.

References - 1, 2,

5, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20.

1, Primus americana Ivj-arsh, - Wild plum

2, United States. In the Rocky iviountain region along the eastern foothills
of Colorado to northern Nov; ivloxico, northoastern Utah, and elsewhere in
the United St^.tos.

o» Moist bottomlands, dry uplancs, low mountain slopes, and moist sites of
foothills and mountains. Associates numerous because of range and dis-
tribution.

4. A shrub or tree from 3 to 6 feet high or 20 to 35 feet in height, Tfith
many spreading branches forming a broad, graceful head. In the Roclcy
Mountain region it is found as lev/ thickets.

5. Yfide-spret-vding lateral roots and taproot to a depth of 3 to 4 feet. Wind-
firm.

6. a. Requires considerable soil moisture throughout the year.

b. Rich, moist soils best, o.lthough it v/ill grow in drier, sandy loams.
Rarely on dry limestone outcrops.

c. Not resistant to alkali. Prefers a neutral to acid soil, pH 6.0 to
8.0.

d. Sea level to 8000 feet or possibly higher.

e. Temperatures range from -30 degrees to 115 degrees F.

f. Very tolerant.

7. lioderately resistant to disease and insects.

8. Seed production heavy, fertility good, easy to gather. Four to five
months stratification or plant in early fall for nuFsery production.
Fruit ripe in July to September.

9. Thicket forming habit in this region, together with aggressiveness on
the proper sites, makes it useful as a sand binder. Spreads by means of
root sprouts. Effective for wind erosion control.

10. a. Y^ood is of little value.

b. liea-uy, hard, close-grained, strong, dark rich brovm tinged vrith rod.

11. Provides food and shelter for vdldlife. Fruit eaten by many kinds of
birds, and by humans.

12. 1-0 stock for field planting; do not plant with crowding species in this
region nor plant too closely. Spring planting. Difficulty in securing
sufficient roots v/hon lifted in the nursery.

13. Fruits valuable for food. Many vOvrioties.

a, Palatability ; cattle, lov/j horses, 1o\'j; sheep, medium.

References - 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 11, 13, 21, 22, 40.

1. Punic a granatura L» - Poiaegranatc

2, Southorn i^sia, ilL.turalizod in southern Urxitud States.
3« Tropical and sub-tropioal,

4. sraall trcG, 20 foot high or moro, sprGO.ding, rounded top,

5. Tan and lateral roots penetrating to a depth of 3 foot or more. Fairly
vdndf irm,

6. a, Mcdoratoly drought-rosistant ,

b. Deep, ratlier hoav^r loam, 'vdll grov/ v/ell in sandy soils under moderate

rainfall,
c« i'.'odorate resistance to alkali.

d. Ranges fror.i sea level to 4000 foot above sea level,
0, Temperature range 32 degrees to 130 degrees F.
f, Not knoivn,

7. Not knov\rn,

8. Fruit natures in the fall, abundant crops, fertility high. Easy to col-
lect by hand, gennino-tion somewhat delayed* Readily adapted to nursery
production. Suckers frooly cmd layers. Hay be gromi from cuttings,

9. Useful as a soil binder in arully heads.

10 . a , Lov: value •
b,

11. High value to wildlife as to food and shelter. The fruit is eaten by
many species of birds.

12. Easily handled in the nursery 1-0 or 2-0 rooted stock. Suckers freely.
Plant in winter, liard-^/ood cuttings in spring.

13. Fruit valuable for food,

a. No palato.bility inf orraation.

References -

1, 2, 40.

1, Purshia tridentatc. DC Bitterbrush
(^Kunzia tridontata (Pursh) Sprcng • )

2» Unitod States, Washington, Orogon, California to vTyoining and Wow Mexico.

3. Dry plains, hills and mountains. Pinon, pcnderosa pino and spruce-aspon
bolts. Sagebrush, snowborry, mountain mahogany, sorvico'-borry and oak.

4. A spreading shrub to 10 foot.

5. Shallovz-rootod but resists vdnd.

6. a. Dry sites, v/ell drained, never in wet sites,

b. Well drained, sandy, ciridery, gravelly or rocky soils,

o. iioderately alkali-re si staiit, calcareous soils.

d. From 1000 feet to 8000 feet above sea level.

e. Temperatures rL.nge fror.i -30 degrees to 110 .degrees F»

f. Intolerant. (Hover in sliade)

7. Resistant to insects and disease.

8. Fruit natures in August, noderatc crops, difficult to collect, iioderate
fertility. Easy to propagate in nursery.

9. Soil binder cn dry sites.

10. a. No value to wood products,
b.

11. Valuable to broY/sing midlife and cover for small game.

12. i'lo information.

13. a. Palatability ! cattle, high; horses, high; sheep, high.

oferences - 1, 2, 4, 14, 22.

5

i

1, Rhus nicrophylla - Littleloaf sunc.c

United States and luoxico. Vvostorn Texas to southern ii.rizona, south into
koxico.

3« Desort foothills, associated with creosote bush, mesquitc, and catclav/s,
4, A siiiall, to large, spreading shrub,
5« Windfirrxi.

6. a. Dry sites, drought-resistant.

b. Indifferent, nainly sandy loans.

c. Rosistaiit to alkali, calcareous soils*

d. FroLi 1000 to 5000 foot elevation above sea level,
e# Froin 0 degrees to 130 degrees F,

f. Intolerant ?

7. i.ioderately resistant to insects and disease.

8. Moderately abundant seed production, easily gathered by hand. Fair ger-
ninatioji if seed is stratified three months or planted in v/inter.

9. Soil binder on dry sites.

10. a. Ho value to ivocd.
b.

11. V-luable as food and good shelter for -virildlife.

12. 1-0 rooted stock for spring planting. Easily handled.
13« a. Palatability : cattle, low; horses, lovf; sheep, low.

References - 4, 22.

1. Rhus trilobata Nutt - Lemonade Sumac - ^quaw Bush

2» United States, Canada, and Iviexico, Ranges from Alberta to Missouri,
northern Mexico, and southern Oregon.

3, Stream beds, banks, plains and mountain sides of the Covillea, artemisia
and pinon belts. Creosote bush, sagebrush, oaks, pinon, ponderosa pine*

4. A shrub from 2 to 10 feet tall v;ith a rounded appearance aiid grovfing in
crowded stands.

6. Tap and lateral roots spread about 10 feet and penetrate to 5 feet.

6. a. Extremely drought-resistant.

b. Light sandy or rocky loams.

c. Moderately alkali-resistant. Calcareous soils*

d. Ranges from 1000 to 8000 feet above sea level.

e. Temperature oxtrem.es -35 degrees to 120 degrees F.

f. Tolerant.

7. Fairly resistant to insects and disease,

8. Fruit ripens in the late siunmer; the crops are poor to excellent depend-
ing on season. The seed is not easily collected. Delayed germination.
Stratify or plant in v/inter, 1-0 stock suitable for field planting.

9. A good erosion-control plant as a soil and sand binder.
10, Ixlo value for wood.

11* Affords food and good shelter for v/ildlife. Fruit important to many
species of v/ildlife.

12. 2-0 planting stock for spring planting. 1-0 is largely used.

13. a, Palatability : cattlo, low; horses, low; sheep, low.

References - 1, 2,

4, 14, 22, 40.

1. Robinia neo-moxicana A. Gray, Nov/ Mexico Locust
jiobinia^noo-moxicana var. luxuriaiis i^iock, Southv/ostorn Locust

2. United States. Colorado, Now Mexico, Arizona, southern Utah,

S, Mountain canyons, plains, streams and north slopes, Pinon and ponder osa
pine belts with pinon, .juniper, oaks and ponderosa pine,

4. A small shrub or tree attaining 20 to 25 feet, with an open, irregular
head.

n'ide-sproading r-oots, v/indfimi and v^^ater resistant,

6, a. Moderately drought-resistant, best on moist soils.

b. Best on doop, rich soils, but will grovv- on dry, sandy soils.

c. Resistant to moderate amounts of alkali, pH 6.5 to 8,0.

d. Found from 4000 foot to 9000 feet above sea level,

e. Temperature extremes -25 degrees to 120 degrees F.

f. Very tolerant.

7, Resistant to insects and disoaso,

S, Fruit matures in August to September, moderate crcps, good fertility.
Germination prompt when seed is treated with sulfuric acid or other me-
thods. Easy to propagate in the nursery.

9. On mountain slopes this species sprouts freely, has abundant horizontal
roots and forms dense thickets effective in orosion control,

10, a. Wood valued locally for posts and fuel,

b. Vfood heavy, hard, strong, close-grained, yellow streaked "vvith brovm,

11. A good browse plant, furnishes some food and excellent cover for other
vfildlife. Seeds eaten by Gcmibel quail.

12, 1-0 rooted stock for spring planting. Easily handled. Sprouts somewhat
but not luxuriantly,

13. a. Palatability : cattle, mediuraj sheep, medium;, rabbits, high.

References - 1, 2, 4, 13, 14, 22, 40,

3i

1. Robinic psoudocccacic. L. " Black locust

Cm Robinia psGudoacc.cic. rgctissiiia Rabo r > Shipmast locust

2. United otatcs. Central and southorn Ponnsylvania, to northorn G"Corgia,
southorn Illinois, and v/cstv/'ard to the Ozark region of southern i-issouri,
Arkansas and Oklaliona. I'v'idcly naturalized east of the Roclcy iviountains,
nowhere common.

3. Hoist, fertile momitain slopes, streaiiis, rocky, gravelly, alluvial soils.

or ms ■ thickets on clay banks. Hunid regions v;ith oaks, chestnut, hickory,
maple, ash, oIir and T;alnut»

4. A tree, 70 to 80 feet high, vath snail, brittle, usually erect branches
forming a narro^^^', oblong ho::.d« Short-lived.

5. i'«-oots spreading and penetrating to a depth of 5 to 10 feet. V/indfirm.
Sometimes not v.'indfirm on heavy soils; shalloiv rooting.

6. a. I'ioderatoly drought-resist ant, prefers t'jnplo soil moisture, but not

vj-ot or poorly drained soils, 'viator table v/ithin 10 feet.

b. Not exacting as to fertility but prefers lino stone soils, brovm loams,
v/ell drained. Docs poorly, or finally dies, on shallov: soils or
those having hard-pan close to the surface,

c. Sost on slightly alkaline, non-acid or moderately/ acid soils. pH 5.00
or better, preforing pH 6.9 to 7.2. Moderately resistant to salt

ac cumulat ior. s .

d. Sea level to 5000 feet above sea level.

e. Temperature rcjige from -30 degrees to 110 degrees F, Is affected by
extreme heat or cold.

f. Very intclerix.t.

7. Fast growing trees resistant to locust borer, othervvise highly susceptible
to dL;mage. Shipmast variety reported less susceptible to borer dcjnage.

8. Seed production heavy, ripening in September, fertility high. Collection
easy because of abundcjice. :3-ermination is prompt v:hen seed is treated
v.dth sulfuric acid or other m.eans. S-sy to handle in nursery.

9. Good erosion-control plant, used as a soil binder and in sheltcrbelts.

10. a. "ifVood valuable for fuel, posts and lumber.

b. V/ood heav;;^^, exceedingly hard, strong, close-grained, very durable in
contact v.-ith the ground, brov;n or rarely light green.

11. Valuable as l; food for quail, mourning dove and certain mammals. Also
good cover.

12. 1-0 stock suitable for field planting in the spring. Spreads by suckers.
Do not plant on sandy, very dry, very poor, very acid or poorly drained
soils •

(See Over)

13, Produces oxcollcnt hcnoy, Kt-ny VL.rictios. Poisonous to livostock,

Shipmast locust from root cuttings only, suid to be c. much bettor tree,
a, Palatcibility : oattlo, high; hcrsos, high;, sheep, medium; rabbits,
high.

AGforencos - 1, Z, 3, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 21, 22, 28, 29, 40, 41.

1. Hose fondlori Rydb. - Rose
(Rosa woods ii Lindl.)

2m United Stc.tos r.nd i-Ioxico. South Dakota, Honto.iia, Utah, western Texas,
into iwoxico.

3. Open v;oods. Found in the Arteraisia, pinon, ponderosa pine and aspen
belts, associated vd-th p.aple, willov.'-, o.spen, alder, service berry and
oaks •

4. ii shrub 2 to 6 feet high,

5. Spreading root systorn, deep penetrating laterals,

6. a. Prefers an abundance of moisture but villi grow on drier sites.

hm Rich, deep, moist loara vd-th an abundance of huiuus, also on drier and
sandier soils. Usually where sub-irrigation is present,

c, Not rosistcjnt to alkali; neutral or acid soils, Circuninoutral soils,

d, Elevr;.tion 6000 to 9500 foot above sea level,

o, ToDporaturo range -30 degrees to 100 degrees F.
f , Very tolerant,

7. Moderately resistant to insects and disease,

8. Seed easily collected, moderately abijindant, ripening in the late summer.
Easily propagated from root cuttings,

9. Valuable in moist sites for soil binder.
10, a. No value

11« Ftirnishes food and excellent shelter for Ydldlife.

12 • Spring planting of rooted plants or root cuttings,

13. Palatable to livestock,

a, Palatability • cattle, low; horses, lov/; sheep, medium.

References - 1, 2, 4, 14, 22.

1. Salix any gd r. 1 o i d o s v/r i ght i i (jt.
(Sulix "vYrightii ^ndors. }
(S::-lix nigra YvTrightii Andors.)

2, United States and Mexico, Viostorn Texas and southern New Lloxico.

3, iianks of streams, Covillea and pinon belts associated \ilth v/illov/s
and poplars,

4, A snail or largo tree with o. rather conpactj round head«

5, Deep penetrating fibrous roots, fairly Yvindfirm, resists the action
of v/ator,

6, a, Hoquires an abundcuico of v.-ator,

b. Deep, rich soils, sandy or gravelly soils containing humus* Nitro-
gen roquirowont high, Vfill grorr successfully on heavy clay soils,

c. li'Vithstands considerable salts -/hen vrator supply is abundant,

d. From 1000 to 6000 foot above sea level,
Tomperature range frcfni -20 degrees to 120 degrees F,

f« Intolorojit,

7, Not highly resistant to insects or disease ,

8, Seed produced in abundance, easily collected, high fertility, cuttings
most satisfactory for propagation,

9, Valuo.blo as a soil binder ivhere cutting by stream is active,

10, a. Valuable locally for posts and poles.

b« Light, soft, v;oak, close-grained, light bro'vn,

11, Provides shelter and food for vdldlife.

12 • 1-0 rooted stock or rooted cuttings easily handled in spring planting.
Cuttings very satisfactory for field plDjiting,

13, a, Pal:;tability : cattle, nediujii; horses, ncdiun; sheep, nediuia;

rabbits, high.

References - 1, 5, 15, 12,

1. S-alix Gxigua Nutt, - Ha r r'^cw- 1 o cS^ v/i 1 1 ow

2» CunL^do. and United States, southorn Alborta, British Columbia, southward

through i'Jovada, and oastvvrard to southern Idaho, central rJovada and wostcrr:
VilyoLiing, '^hrubby ferns in Novada, Arizona, Colorado, v/e stern Nebraska
and Lower California,

3» ^long streryns and in v/ct places, associated T/ith other vallov/s, poplars
and alders*

4, A shrub 10 to 12 feet tall or a tree rarely 25 feet high, with thin,
spreading branches fonviing a round-topped head. Also a rood-like shrub
4 to 6 feet tall.

5, Roots fibrous and spreading, not highly resistant to under-cutting by
Y;a.ter. Spreads prolifically by underground runners.

6, a. Requires an abundance of soil noisturo.

b. Moist alluvial soils, sand bars and stream banlcs •

c» Resists alkalies and salines when water is abundant.

d. Sea level to 10,000 feet above sea level,

o. Toniporature range -40 degrees to 120 degrees P.

f» Very intolerant to shade.

7, I'lot very resistant to disease or insects.

8, iibundant seed production. Cuttings are preferred for nursery propago.-
tion, as sood is difficult to handle.

9, Suitable as a filler on bars, but not as a front line defense on strecjns
vrhero cutting is active and flood pressure extrene.

10. Ho value to Y;ood.

11. -^-i-f fords shelter c.nd soiiie browse to wildlife. Slight iriportance as
browse to nulo door.

12. Best x'r'--p---S''-'t"^^ "^^"^^^ field by cuttings planted during the vdnter or
spring. Best plo.nted with plajrbing bar or horizontally in moist places.
Rooted cuttings are preforrovl on drier sites.

12. a. Palatability : cattle, LiOdiur.i; horses, riediuiu; sheep, Liodiui".i;
rab1:'its, high.

References - 2, 12, 13, 14, 22.

1, Sc'.lix gooddingii Ball . - Dudley \/ill.Ay
(Sc.lix vullicolu Britt.)

2» U.nitod States cjid IlGxicc. California southmird, oast^'rard through central
and sGuthorn Arizona, through scuthern Now i^^Gxico to v/ostorn Texas.

o» Strcaia banlcs* Covillea bolt. Willows and poplars.

4. snail troo, 25 to 50 foot higli, with a broad, rounded crown,

5* RootG ■ fibrous and wido-sproading, penetrating the soil to considero-ble
depth, forrdng an efficient soil-binOing nat,

6, a. Requires an abundance of moisture throughout the year*

b. Dogs v?ell on any soil, prefers siuidy or gravelly soils containing
huiius. Viill grov/ successfully on hor'T;^,-, clay soils, '■'^illows have
a liigh nitrogen roquiroi.-ont .

c. v»'ithstands considerable salts ■./hen water supply is adequate.

d. P'rcti sea level to 5000 foot above sea level.

e. Tc:.:peraturo extrenes -10 to 120 degrees i\

f. Intolerant.

7, Wot highly resistant to insects or disease,

8, i^bundant seed production, easily handled cuttings nest satisfactory,

9, Very valuable for bank control whore cutting is active.

10. a. Wood valuable locally for posts.

b. Light, soft, v;oak, light reddish brcT/vn.

11. Provides shelter and browse for midlife. Inportunt as browse for nule

deer.

12. 1-0 rooted st.ck or rooted cuttings suitable for field planting. Cut-
tings Liost si'.tisf actory.

13. a. Palatability : cattle, nediuri; horses, nediuni sheep, i.iodiuLi.

References - 12, 13, 14, 15.

1, Salix ni.^ra 'i-c-.rch, - Bl'.ck '■"''ill civ

2 9 C-nadr., United- States and Uoxico, Frori southern Nov: Brmiswick through
south. jrn Quebec and Ontario to the region north of Lake Superior, south-
Ti'o.rd to northern and TTostern North Carolina, through South Carolina and
Georgia to eastern and central Alabaj.ia, and westivard to southoastern
Korth Dakota, eastern South Dakota, iJebraska, Kansas, Oklalior.ia a.nd
central and western Texas •

5. Low, r/.oist, allu-zia.! baiLks of streams and lakes, associated with poplars,
alders, and other Y.dllo'vvs.

4# tree, usually 30 to 40 foot high, v;ith several clustered stout ster.is,
and thick-s^^roading, upright branches forr:iing a broad, sonowhat irregu-
lar open or round-topped head*

5. Roots fibrous and v.d de-spreading and penetrating the soil to consider-
ablo depths, fcn'.iing an efficient soil-binding nat. Highly resistant
to the cutting action of w^i.ter.

6. a. Requires i.-uch ncisture throughout the year, either fron natural

precipitation or a high vrator table,
b. Does well on any soil, prefers sandy or gravelly soils containing

hu!-.'.us« Viillcws have a high nitrogen requironent, but v;ill grew

successfully on heavy clay soils.
c« withstands considerable saline salts when water supply is abundant.
d» Fron sea lovel to 6400 feet above sea level,
0. Tenperaturo oxtronos -40 degrees to 100 degrees F.
fm Intolerant to shade.

7. Jlot highly resistant to insects or disease.

8. Practical nursery propagation is by cuttings 8 to 10 inches long nado
fron past seasons grovrbh taken during mnter. Cuttings very satisfac-
tory for field planting where noisture conditions are good.

9. Very valuable for bank control where cutting is acti\^o.

10. a. \icod valuable locally for fuel and posts.

b» Light, soft, Y/eak, light reddish brov/n, vdth thin, nearly v/hite,
sapv^rood.

11. Pro^n.dos shelter and browse for i^dldlifo. Eaten by deer.

12. luost suitable planting stock fron cuttings, i'lay be driven or planted
by planting bar or other tool. 'k«intor or spring planting.

lo. Host valuable as cji erosion-control pla:it 7/hcro i.ioisture is available
and cutting'' action nre^T'.lent .

a. Palatability : cattle, nediun; horses, nodiun.
Referx^ncos - 1, 2, 3, 9, 12, 13.

(See Over)

Also apj'lies in ronoTi-.!, oxco^t i:i r,:;nro, to tho follov/iiK;:

1. Sr.lix laovir;at:;«. Bobb - Bobb T,7illcra

2. Scxlix bonplandiana tounoyi (Britt) C. Schu. - Toui-.iay v/illcw

3. Salix laGiandra Borith. - "UGstGrn black v/illov;

1* Sanbucus coeruloa. Ro.f, Bluobcrry older

(Sanbucus glauca i'^utt.)
( S ar.ibuo u s no one xi c anix v ^ o o t . )

2. United States. 'Uostern Montana, through Idaho, "liifashington south into
California, No^'-ada, Utah, Now Moxico and Arizona, S. glauca and S,
noo-nexioana sonotimos separated, little difference and nay be con-
sidered as varieties. Also S, c# volutina and S. c. arizonica,

3. Dry foothills, open nountain slopes, noist to wot canyons and valleys.
Pinon, pondorosa pine, and spruce-aspen belts. Associates sorvice-
borry, chokocherry, bromograss, wheatgrass, pinon, juniper, oaks, aspen.

4. tree, 30 to 50 feet high, v/ith a tall, straight trunk and stout, spread-
ing branches foming a compact, round-topped head.

5. Taprooted, penetrating to a depth of nore than 4 feet, relatively v;ind-
f im.

6. a. Prefers a noist soil but vdll grov; on dry sites.

b. Sandy or clayey loar.is.

c. Moderately alkali-resistcjit, generally neutral or acid sites.

d. 2000 to 9000 feet elevation above sea level.

o. Tonporature range fron -30 degrees to 100 degrees F.
f. Tolerant.

7. Not resistant to insects and disease.

8. Fruit natures in the smni'.ier and fall, crops heavy, fertility good.
Easily collected by hand. Gemination is slov/. Adaptable to nursery
production. Ten to twelve nonths stratification recoi-nnended. Suckers
freely,

9. Valuable for soil binding,

10. a. Low value to wood.

b. Light, soft, weak, coarse-grained, yellov/ tinged with brown.

11. Valuable as v/ildlife food and cover. Saten by G-anbol quail.

12. 1-0 rooted stock suitable for field planting in spring. Spreads by
suckers.

13. Fruit used for hunan consunption.

a. Palatability : cattle, nediui.i' horses, nediun; sheep, nediunj rabbits,
low.

ReforencGs - 1, 4, 13, 14, 22, 40

I

I

i

t

1. Synph or i carpus orbicula.tuG M(.^oiich» - Indian currant
(Syi-.iphoricarpus vulgaris iJichx)

2 • North -i*! .iG rio a 9 Nov/ Jersey to Georgia, Kansas, Texas, west to South
I^akcta,

3« Ivloist shady sites in nountains and canyons.

4. A shrub to six feet in hei^^ht* ^lender upright branches.

5» Fibrous rooted, v;indfirn«

6. a, koist places, not drouf;ht-resistant .

b. Deep, rich soils best, but is not particular if noisture present.

c. :-ioderatoly alkali-rcsistajit «

d. 1000 feet to 7000 foot elevation,
o. Fron -30 der-rees to 100 do(;reos F.
f. Tolerant.

7 • No inf omat i on •

8« Seed noderately abundant, easily gathered by hand, propagated by seeds,
cuttings or division. Long stratification period varying v/ith species
required.

9. As filler in v/indbreaks or soil binder where noist.

10. No value.

11. High value as food and protection for midlife, •

12. None available.

13. a, Palatability : cattle, lowj horses, low; sheep, nodiun; rabbits,

nediun.

References - 1, 2, 16, 19, 22.

1. Ulnus anericana L# - ai;r,erican gI:;

2. Canada and United States. Southern j^Vvvf oundland vrost to Lake Superior,
southward to Florida, vrostward into i^crth Dakota, Yrestern Nebraska,
central Kansas, Oklahona and Texas •

3. River bottons, intervales, lov;, rich hills, and banlcs of strcans, asso-
ciated Y/ith oaks, ashes, sycanoros, yellov; poplar, etc.

4» A tree, sonetinos 100 to 120 feet high, with an inversely conic round-
topped head.

5. Deep, extensive root developnent, windf irr.i. Penetrates 5 to 10 feet in
tho soil,

6# a» Requires ai;.iple noisture, v/ithstands soi.ie drought. Ii^ater table within
10 feet.

b. Uoist, rich alluvials, loai.is, nodorately well drained, grows on poor-
er soils* Not exacting, does poorly on fine textured soils.

c. i.iodoratoly alkali-resistant. pH 6.0 to 8.0, circuLineutral soils.

d. Sea level to 6000 feet above sea level.
G, Frcn -40 degrees to 120 degrees F.

f« Tolerccnt.

7. LiOderate resistance to insects a.nd disease. Flat head boror.

8. Seed ripens in ^vrril, abundant, easily gathered fron ground by hand,
high fertility. Geminates pronptly and plants are easily handled in
the nursery. Also propagated by layers.

9. A soil binder in ivot or noist sites.

10. a. Valuable for wood, fuel, luiiber, and special carpentry.

b. Heavy, hard, strcn;;, tough, difficult to split, coarse-grained,
light brown.

11. Valuable for v/ildlife food.

12. 1-0 rooted stock for spring planting. Easily handled.

13. a. Palatabilitv: rabbits, lev'.

References - 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, 5, 6, 15, 36, 37, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22.

1» Ulmus parvifolia Jc.cq. - Chinese -^Im.

2. North and central China, Korea and Japan. Naturalized 1794.

3« Asia.

4. A small tree 45 to 75 feet tall, v/ith a broad, round head.

5« Spreading tap and lateral roots, modorately mndfirm.

See Ulmus Dumi la L. for further information.

!• Ulmus p'orala L. - Chinese Eln

Dvvarf Elm

2, Eastern Siberia, northern China, and Turkestan, Imturalized in the
United States.

3, Asia, Naturalized.

4, Snail spreading tree attaining 45 feet, also shrub-like.

6, Spreading tap and lateral roots. Lloderately vfindfirm.

Drought-resistant to a marked degree.
Not particular as to soil.

Marked resistance to alkali, pH 6,9 to 7,2 best.

Sea level to 7000 feet above sea level.
Temperature extremes -30 degrees to 125 degrees F.
Intolerant. (Ulraus par^-ifolia tolerant.)

7, Moderately resistant to insects and disease. Susceptible to cotton
root-rot,

8, Seed matures from. April to June^ heaver crops, high fertility. Easily
collected by shaking onto canvas. Germination prompt, seeds should be
sov?n in nursery the samiG season as collected. Easily handled in the
nursery,

9, Valuable in windbreaks •

10, a. Valuable for fuel and posts,
hm No inf orL'iation,

11, Little value to wildlife,

12, 1-0 rooted stock suitable for field planting. Plant in spring. Easily
handled,

13, Suffers snovv and windbreakage.

a, Palatability : cattle, high; horses, high; sheep, high; rabbits,
high.

References - 1, 2, 11, 19, 20, 40.

6 . a.
b,
c.
d.
e.

J. •

1, Vitis labruscaL.

2, New England to Georgia, Tonnossce cj.id southern Indiana,
o« Moist v;oods,

4 • A strong growing vine •

5. No information,

6. a, Lioist soils,
b» *iny good soil,

c, IJo inf onp.ation,

d. No information,
G« No inf ori-io.tion.
f. Tolerant.

7.

8, Ho-vy crops, easily gathorod. Propagation by seed or cuttings,

9, Soil binder in moist places,

10, a. No value.

11, High food and cover value to v/ildlife. Utilized by both birds and
mciQinals.

12, Rooted cuttings or cuttings suitable for field planting,

13, Fruit,

a. No palatability information.

References - 1, 2, 22,

Foxgrapo

!• Bailoy, L. li, r.nd iirdloy, E. Z,

1935 • Hortus. MacLiillicxn Co., Nov/ York.

2, Rohdor,

Manual of cultivatod troos and shrubs,
lAacL^illian Co., Nov; York,

. i''oro3t troGS of -Illinois,

Dopartnont of Conservation, 9th od.

4. Dayton, Vif, A«

1931 • Inportant wo s torn brows o plants.
U.o.D.A. Misc. Pub, 101.

5. Rabor, 0^

1937, Viator utilization of trocs, otc,
U.S.D.A. wisG. Pub, 257.

6. Vililson, Pl.

1937, planting and caro of sholtorbclts on the Northern Groat Plains.
U.S. D.i.. Faraors' Bull. 1603.

7. Sudworth, G. B.

1916, The c\'pros3 and juniper troos of the Rocky Mountain regions.
U.S.dIa. Bull. 207. •

8. Sudvrorth, G, E.

1917. The pine troos of the Rocky fountain region.
U.S.D.A. Bull. 460.

9. Bromi, H. p.

1921. Trees of iMev/ York State,

IJe-.v York State Collo;;o of Forestry Tech, Rib, 15,

10, Sudvjorth, G, B,

1916, Spruce and balsam fir trees of the Rocky Liountain region.
U.S.D.A. Bull. 327.

11.

1928. Trees of Kansas.

Report of the Kansas State Board of -i^griculture,

12. Sud7:orth, G. S,

1934. Poplars, principal tree v/illov/s and v/alnuts of the Rocky Liountain
region,

U.S.D.ii. Tech. Bull. 420.

13. Sargent, C. S.

1933. laanual of the trees of North iunerica.

Ho u ?;ht on lu ifflin Co», Boston - Nov/ Yo rk .

14 • Tidostrom, I,

1925. Flore- of Utr.h and Nevada .

U, 3. Natl, I'us, Gontrib, U. S, Natl. Horbarium Vol, 25.

15. Bukor, F. S,

1934. Theory and practice of silviculturo .

16. Jones, D. L,, Gainos, F,, and Karpor, R, E,
• Trees and shrubs in northwest Texas.

Texas Ji.gr. Exp, Sta.. Bull. 447.

17. I'attoon, W. R. and Rood, C» A.

. Black T/alnut for tirabor and nuts.

U.S.D.A. Famors» Bull. 1392.

IS. ocholz, H, F.

. Causes of decadence in the old groves of North Dakota.

U.S.D.A. Cir. 344.

19. Johnson, E. Vu

. Hardy treos and shrubs for v;e stern Kansas.
Kansas ^^gr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 220.

20. Ford, R. E,

. Tree windbreaks for Colorado.
Colo, Agr. Exp, ota. Bull. 326A.

21.

1936 • Fossibilitios of shelterbclt plantings in the Plains region.
U.S.D.A, Forest Service special Pub. 21.

22. Van Dorsal, R.

1938, Handbook of native woody plants of the United States.
U.'''.D.i^, iiisc. Pub. 303.

23. Frontz, LeRoy

The Black Yfalnut in Pormsvlvania.

V

Ponnsylvania Dept. For. 6- \7aters - Himoographed.

24.

1909. Pinon Pine,

U,3,D.A. Forest Service Silvical Leaflet 47,

25,

26.

1907. Osago orange,

U.S.D.^i, Forest Service Cir, 90.

Honey locust,
U.S.D.A, Forest Service Planting Leaflet 21

27.

1907.

28. Llatton, R,

1937, GroTdng black locust troos,

U.S.D.i.. Famors' Bull. 1628.

29.

1907. Black locust.

U.3.D.A. Forest Sorvico Cir. 64.

30.

1907. Pvussian nulborry.

U.S.D.^^. Forest SorvicG Cir. 83 (Rgv. )

3 1 . .^____„„

1907. iiardy catalpa.

U.S.D.A. Forest Gorvico Cir. 82.

32.

1907. Grcon ash.

U.S.D.A. Forest ocrvicc Cir. 92.

33. ________

1909. Bc'xolder.

U.S.D.A. Forest oorvice Cir. 86 (Rgv. )

34.

1908. Blue spruce.

U.S.D.A. Forest oervico Silvical Leaflet 29,

1907. "EngolLianrx sToruce.

U.S.D.al. Forest Sorvico Sil^dcal Leaflet 3.

36 .

White o 111 •

U.S.D.A. Forest Service Cir. 66 (Rev.)

Vmito oLi.

U.S.D.A. Forest Sor"/ice Forest Planting Leaflet 13.

Black vj-alnut .

U.S.D.i^. Forest Service Cir. 88.

1909. Pinon pino •

U.S.D.A. Forest Service Silvical Leaflet 47.

40. L. N. Goodding - observations. (Recorded on Rcvogetation Form SCS No.

1909.

37. ^_

38.

1907.

41. Journal o.f Forestry jC<X\/":8 • 709-727.

Kevegetation Form SCS, Jan., 1936
PLANT. SPECIES IlIFOPJviATION FOM

N#B» Underline suitable word v/herever possible.

1. Plant nane ' ■ ^ ■■ . . '

Scientific CoKr-'.on Paniily

2. Native country ^ • Native habitat -

3. Clans, long:evity in years : Tree,' shrub, forb, climber^ creeper

4. GroYrtli habit of top: Height , , spread , ' , erect, spreading, drooping, <

sprawling, prostrate, plants solitary, crowded' in dense
stands, colonial (as in aspen), bunch type, stooling,

2nat forming, eod. forming, rhizome forming, layering,
, etc , , f

. Grovrth habit of roots: Tap, spreading, combination, depth , spread ,

woody, fibrous, fleshy, abundant, very abundant, sparse.
Longevity in years • Remarks

6, Distribution: Jll&e ^ local, abundant throughout its range, abundant in certain

localities, not abundant an^rwhere. Zone

altitude , exposure (north, etc,) '

7, Associates :

• Drouth resistance: extrem.e, mods-rate, moisture lov:.ng

9, Soil preference: Heavy, m.edium, light; clay, loam., sand, gravel, rocky

10, Alkali tolerance: Extrem.e, moderate, neutral, acid ■ ,

11, Habitat: Stream beds, bcmks, bottom land, mesas, plains, gentle slopes,

steep slopes, others

' I.I - I , J : , I. ■ I . I »

2, Degree of aggrepsivencss : Very, moderately so, not at all
• Dates: Flowering , seed maturity , planting

'4, See^^ production: Heairy, medium., light. Seed fertility: Good fair, poor

15, Seed collection: Easy, difficult, ' '.■Jhy?

Method

16, Seed gemination: Pronpt, iiedium, slow, delayed, Tiir..e required

Fre-plrjiting treatment ■

17, Vejr.eto.tive propagation by : Easy, fairly easy, difficult

18, Adaptability for' nursery production: Good, niediun, poor; for seed, cuttinp.s

_ . - rooted plants,

19, Age of root-T^'d stock to use for field planting (designate as 1-0, 2-1 etc)

20, Transplanting in ITursery: IJiasy, fairly easy, difficult

21, Adaptability for field planting': ' Seed cuttings, rooted stock

22, Uses (Designate relative inporta/ice by nunber of checks,) Soil binder ,

sand binder , de silting agent , tiF.bor • ,

Yd-ld life , general revegetation , , forage: Palatability
C a H , S, & C-^ , Other uses:

23, Value for gaieral or specific u.se (specify)

24, Outstanding for any particular purpose?

25, Relative value : , Is sone other, plant better for sinne

purpose? . •

26, Remarks:

27. To vvhat locality docs this inf oriDation apply?

SubFj. tted by